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fgUnh i=dkfjrk ds çdk'k iqat vej 'kghn x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ
jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx ds dk;Zdj.k ij ,d utj
f'kojkt flag dks ijkLr djus ds fy;sa
500 djksM+ :i;s [kpZ fd;s tk;sxs
vtqZu flag dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds pk.kD; dh
xgjh ;kstuk
;ksx ls gj chekjh ds bykt dk nkok
mfpr ugÈ%gqdqepan 'kudq'ky
**eagxkbZ csyxke** **eagxkbZ vkxs
ljdkj ihNs
fgUnh i=dkfjrk ds
çdk'k iqat vej 'kghn x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ
Hkksiky] 07 ekpZ ¼vks-ih-gj;k.k½A e/;çns'k dh ohj çlwrk
Hkwfe us jk"Vª dh vktknh ds fy;s tks tuuk;d tUesa x.ks'k 'kadj
fo|kFkhZ Hkh muesa ls ,d FksA 25 vDVwcj 1890 Dokj lqnh 12
laor~ 1947½ fnu 'kfuokj dks mŸkj çns'k ds bykgkckn ftys ds
vrqjlqb;k eksgYys esa vius ufugky esa ukuk eqa'kh lwjt çlkn
ds ?kj tUesa fo|kFkhZ th dk cpiu e/;çns'k ds fofn'kk vkSj
eqaxkoyh ¼v'kksd uxj½ esa chrkA x.ks'k th ds tUe vkSj
ukedj.k ds laca/k esa ,d jkspd nkLrku gS] tc x.ks'kth viuh
eka ds xHkZ esa Fks] ml le; mudh ukuh us ,d Loi+ ns[kk Fkk
fd os Hkxoku x.ks'k dh ,d ewfrZ viuh csVh xkserh dks ns jgh
gSA og Loi+ mUgksaus vius csVh dks lquk;k vkSj fufÜpr fd;k
fd ;fn ukrh gqvk rks mldk uke x.ks'k gh j[kwaxhA blh Loi+ ds
vk/kkj ij mudk uke x.ks'k j[kk x;kA muds firk t;ukjk;.k
JhokLro vkSj eka Jherh xkserh nsoh dk thou lnk /kkfeZd ,oa
lkfRod fopkjksa dk FkkA x.ks'k 'kadj ds tUe ds le; eqa'kh t;
ukjk;.k JhokLro viuh tUeHkwfe Xokfy;j fj;klr ds eqaxkoyh
¼v'kksd uxj½ uked LFku ij jgdj ogÈ ds ¼,-oh-,l-½ ,asXyks&oukZD;qyj
Ldwy 1901 ls 1905 tc t;ukjk;.k JhokLro dh cnyh Hksylk
¼fofn'kk½ gks x;h Fkh rc x.ks'k 'kadj fofn'kk esa i<+s FksA
1905 esa mUgksaus fefMy ijh{kk mŸkh.kZ dh Fkh vkSj 1907 esa
,.VªsalA x.ks'k 'kadj dh çkjafHkd f'k{kk mnwZ Hkk"kk esa 'kq:
gqbZA /khjs&/khjs mUgsa fgUnh dk Hkh vPNk Kku gks x;kA ,e-,-
dh i<+kbZ ds fy;s x.ks'k 'kadj bykgkckn dh dk;LFk ikB'kkyk
esa HkrhZ gks x;sA ;gka i<+kbZ ds nkSjku mudk lq>ko
v[kckjksa esa ys[k fy[kus dh vksj Hkh gqvkA bl ekeys esa
mudk mRlkg c<+kus dk dke mnwZ v[kckj LojkT; us fd;kA LojkT;
v[kckj esa muds ys[k Nius yxsA bl rjg 'kks"k.k 'kadj dk uke
Ldwy ls ckgj vk;k vkSj fy[kus&i<+us ds chp mudh iSB gksus
yxhA
fo|kFkhZ
vius v/;;u ,oa ys[ku ds nkSjku x.ks'k 'kadj dh HksaV iafMr
lqUnjyky th ls gqbZ vkSj mUgksaus mudks fgUnh esa fy[kus ds
fy;s çksRlkfgr fd;kA iafMr lqUnj yky us gh x.ks'k 'kadj dks
fo|kFkhZ miuke fn;k tks vkxs pydj muds uke esa ges'kk&ges'kk
ds fy;s tqM+ x;kA ,d ckj fdlh us muls iwNk fd vki vius uke
ds lkFk fo|kFkhZ 'kCn D;ksa tksM+rs gSa-----\ rc fo|kFkhZ th
us tokc fn;k euq"; vius thou Hkj dqN u dqN lh[krk jgrk gSA
og fo|kFkhZ gh cuk jgrk gSA blfy;s eSa vius uke ds lkFk
fo|kFkhZ tksM+rk gwa vkSj vius vkidks fo|kFkhZ ekurk gwaA
ys[kd vkSj i=dkj
vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ us i<+kbZ v/kwjh
NksM+dj 1908 esa dkuiqj ds djsalh dk;kZy; esa 30 #i;s ekfld
osru ij ukSdjh dj yhA bykgkckn çokl ds nkSjku x.ks'kth iafMr
lqUnjyky ds laidZ esa vk x;s Fks] tks ogka ls ç[kj lkIrkfgd]
deZ;ksxh fudkyrs FksA f'koukjk;.k HkVukxj vkSj muds ÅnwZ
lkIrkfgd LojkT; ls Hkh gqvkA LojkT; ds ek= ,d o"kZ ds çdk'ku
dky esa ,d ds ckn ,d mlds vkB laikndksa dks dkjkokl dh ltk
gqbZA fgUnh vkSj mnwZ ij leku vf/kdkj j[kus okys fo|kFkhZ th
us nksuksa i=ksa ds fy;s fy[kkA ;g og i`"BHkwfe Fkh tks
x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ dk Hkfo"; jp jgh FkÈA deZ;ksxhA i<+us
dkj.k gh mUgsa djsalh dk;kZy; dh ukSdjh vkSj ckn esa
i`FohukFk fefMy Ldwy dh v/;kidh NksM+uk iM+hA
fo|kFkhZ th ds ys[k deZ;ksdxh fgrokrkZ ,oa vH;qn; tSls
Økafrdkjh v[kckjksa esa Nius yxsA fnlEcj 1911 esa tc lezkV
tktZ iape fgUnqLrku vk;s vkSj mudk fnYyh njckj yxk rks
fo|kFkhZ th dk ,d cgqr foLQksVd ys[k fgrokn v[kckj esa NikA
bl ys[k ls fo|kFkhZ th dh dkQh çflf) feyhA ys[ku dk;Z ls
fo|kFkhZ th dh tku igpku ns'kHkäksa esa gks xbZA fo|kFkhZ th
dks vkpk;Z egkohj çlkn f}osnh dh ^ljLorh* uked ekfld if=dk
esa 3 uoEcj] 1912 ls 25 #i;s osru ij vH;qn; esa pys x;sA
djhc vkB ukS ekg ckn tc fo|kFkhZ th n'kgjs dh NqfÍ;ksa esa
dkuiqj vk;s rks buds dqN lkfFk;ksa us dkuiqj ls v[kckj
fudkyus dh lykg nh rFkk vkfFkZd lalk/ku tqVkus esa lgk;rk
djus dk foÜokl fnyk;kA fo|kFkhZ th 23 uoEcj 1913 esa vH;qn;
dh ukSdjh NksM+dj dkuiqj vk x;sA
^çrki dk çkjaHk*
yxHkx nks ekg ds Hkhrj dqN mRlkgh yksxksa dh enn ls lk/ku
tqVkdj fo|kFkhZ th us dkuiqj ds Qhy [kkuk eksgky esa çrki
çsl dh uÈo Mkyh rFkk 9 uoEcj 1913 dks lkIrkfgd çrki dk igyk
vad fudykA bl igys vad ls gh ;g fl)kUr lwpd iafä;ka çrki esa
Nius yxÈ rFkk tc rd çrki fudyk ;g iafä;ka ml ij cjkcj Nirh
jghA
ftldks u fut xkSjo rFkk fut ns'k dk vfHkeku gSA
;g uj ugÈ] uj i'kq fujk gS vkSj e`rd leku gSAA
fo|kFkhZ th ds vFkok ifjJe ls çrki turk dk viuk i= cu x;kA
mldh laikndh; fVIif.k;ka o ys[k xjcksa] nhu&nqf[k;ksa o
etnwj fdlkuksa dh odkyr djrs FksA blh otg ls çrki /kuoku
yksxksa dks vk[kksa esa [kVdus yxk rFkk ljdkj dh Hkh HkqdqVh
p<+ xbZA çrki dh 'kq:vkr ds ikap lky ds Hkhrj gh nks ckj
tekurksa tCr gqbZ vkSj ?kj rFkk çsl dh iqfyl ryk'kh yh xbZA
igyh ckj 26 vDVwcj 1916 dks dqyh çFkk uked ukVd Nkius ds
dkj.k çrki çsl ls ,d gtkj #- rFkk nwljh ckj 22 vçSy] 1916
dks dqyh çFkk uked ukVd Nkius ds dkj.k çrki çsl ls ,d gtkj
#- rFkk nwljh 22 vçSy] 1918 rks fQnk&,&oru 'kh"kZd dfork
çdkf'kr djus ds QyLo:i çrki v[kckj ls ,d gtkj #i;s dh tekur
ekaxh xbZA tekur tIr gksus ds dkj.k gh twu 1918 esa çrki can
gks x;k ijUrq tqykbZ ds igys lIrkg ls gh iqu% çdkf'kr gqvkA
fo|kFkhZ th us ikap O;fä;ksa dh ,d lfefr cuk;h rkfd nqfnZu
vkus ij çrki çsl ;k çrki v[kckj dk çdk'ku can ugÈ gksus
ik;sA blesa Lo;a ds vykok jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr vkfn 'kkfey
FksA lfefr dk iath;u 15 ekpZ 1919 dks dkuiqj esa gqvkA
çrki ij eqdnes
blh o"kZ fnlacj ekg esa dkuiqj esa 25 gtkj fey etnwjks us
eagxkbZ ds dkj.k gM+rky dj nhA ml gM+rky esa fo|kFkhZ th
vkSj muds çrki us etnwjksa dk iwjk lkFk fn;kA ifj.kker%
etnwjksa ds osru esa 15 çfr'kr c<+ksŸkjh gqbZA bl ?kVuk ls
turk ls çrki dh ekax c<+ x;h rFkk lu 1920 esa og nSfud ds :i
esa fudyus yxsA lu 1921 esa jk;cjsyh ds eqa'khxat] Qqjlrxat
vkSj djk;k cktkj esa fdlkuksa vkSj rkYyqdsnkjksa o teÈnkjksa
ds chp gq, >xM+s esa xksfy;ka pyÈA ftlesa dbZ fdlku ?kk;y
gq,A fo|kFkhZ th us çrki esa bl ?kVuk dks mtkxj fd;k rFkk
fdlkuksa dk i{k fy;kA bldk urhtk ;g fudyk fd ,d rkYyqdsnkj
us çrki ij eqdnek pyk fn;kA bl eqdnesa esa fo|kFkhZ th dh
vksj ls xokgh nsus ds fy;s ia- eksrhyky usg: rFkk ia- enu
eksgu ekyoh; rd dks vkuk iM+kA eqdnes dk QSlyk fo|kFkhZ th o
çrki ds fo#) x;kA bl eqdnes esa fo|kFkhZ th dh dbZ ekl tsy
esa jguk iM+kA fo|kFkhZ th vkSj çrki v[kckj ij lu 1926 esa
,d vkSj tcZnLr eqdnek pykA ;g eqdnek f'kdksgkckn ds ,d /kkusnkj
us eSuiqjh ds fMIVh dysDVj dh vnkyr esa pyk;kA ckr ;g Fkh fd
f'kdksgkckn dk Fkkusnkj dkQh ?kwl[kksj Fkk vkSj LoHkko ls
Hkh cgqr tkfye FkkA tc fo|kFkhZ th dks ;g ckr ekywe gqbZ rks
mUgksaus bl ekeys dh iwjh tkap djk;h rFkk tkap dk C;kSjk
nSfud çrki esa NkikA blh ckr dks ysdj ml Fkkusnkj us nSfud
çrki ds laiknd vkSj çdk'kd lqjsUæ 'kekZ ij ekugkfu dk eqdnek
pyk;k vkSj var esa gkbZdksVZ ls fo|kFkhZ th eqdnek thr x,A
fo|kFkhZ th vkSj çrki ij lkabZ [ksM+k ekugkfu dk Hkh eqdnek
pyk fdUrq blesa lqyg gks x;h pEikju esa vaxzst turk ij tks
vR;kpkj dj jgs Fks] mldh iksy lcls igys fo|kFkhZ th us gh
çrki esa [kksyÈA ftldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd dkQh tkap iM+rky
ds ckn ogka uhy dh [ksrh [kRe dj nh x;h rFkk ogka dh turk dk
nq[k nwj gks x;kA dkdksjh dh Vªsu MdSrh dk egRo Hkh turk dks
fo|kFkhZ th us igyh ckj çrki ds }kjk crk;kA lkbeu deh'ku ds
cfg"dkj esa fo|kFkhZ th o mlds çrki us dkQh fgLlk fy;kA
jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ fo|kFkhZ
x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ ,d lfØ; jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ Hkh Fks vkSj
mŸkj çns'k ¼ml le; dk ;qä çkar½ ds vxz.kh usrkvksa esa mudk
Luku FkkA vkjaHk esa os Økafrdkjh fopkj/kkjk ls çHkkfor Fks
ysfdu 1916 esa y[kuÅ dkaxzsl esa xka/kh th dks mUgksaus viuk
usrk eku fy;k vkSj mUgÈ dh jkg ij py iM+sA rFkkfi mudk çrki
vkSj os Lo;a Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ennxkj cus jgsA Qjkjh esa 'kj.k
nsuk] eqdneksa dh rS;kjh vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx dk flyflyk
cuk;s j[kkA ljnkj Hkxr flag us Hkh viuk vKkrokl çrki ds
laikndh; lg;ksxh ds :i esa fcrk;k FkkA 1925 dh dkuiqj us Hkh
viuk vKkrokl çrki ds laikndh; lg;ksxh ds :i esa fcrk;k FkkA
1925 dh dkuiqj dkaxzsl ds vk;kstu dh fo|kFkhZ ls /kqjh FksA
1926 esa ,d m|ksxifr dks ijkftr dj x.ks'kth la;qä çkar
dkSafly ¼mŸkj çns'k½ ds fy;s pqus x;sA 1929 esa lnL;rk
NksM+us ds dkaxzsl ds QSlys dk ikyyu djus okys os igys usrk
FksA 1929 Q#Z[kkckn ;qä çkarh; jktuhfrd lEesyu ds v/;{k pqus
x;s vkSj ckn esa mUgsa çkarh; dkaxzsl desVh dk v/;{k pquk
x;kA 1930 ds lfou; voKk vkanksyu esa x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ ;qä
çkar mŸkj çns'k ds çFke fMDVsVj ¼,dkf/kifr½ euksuhr gq, FksA
i=dkfjrk vkSj Lora=rk laxzke ds flyflys esa fo|kFkhZ th dks
ikap ckj dkjkokl dk naM Hkqxruk iM+kA fQjaxh gqdwer xks;k
cgkuk gh <wa<rh jgrh Fkh fd ekSdk feys vkSj dye ds bl tkackt
;ks)k dks tsy esa Mkyks------! x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ ds çrki
us ns'kh fj;klrksa esa çtk ij gksus okys vR;kpkjksa ds
f[kykQ tedj yksgk fy;k vkSj ,sls vusd vkanksyu pyk;s] ftlds
dkj.k mUgsa U;k; feykA bankSj] Xokfy;j] mn;iqj] tks/kiqj
vkfn vusd fj;klrksa esa çrki ds ços'k ij gh jksd yxk nÈ Fkh
ysfdu fo|kFkhZ th u rks bu çfrca/kksa ds lkeus >qds vkSj u
gh jktkvksa lkearksa ds çyksHku mUgsa vius ekxZ ls fMxk ldsA
Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ennxkj
ljQjks'kh dh reék j[kus okys egku Økafrdkjh ljnkj Hkxrflag ]
paæ'ks[kj vktkn] jks'ku flag Bkdqj] jke—".k [k=h vkfn dk
dksbZ Bksl vFkok fu;fer vk; óksr ugÈ FkkA le;≤ ij x.ks'k
'kadj fo|kFkhZ us buds fy;s vkthfodk ds lk/ku tqVkdj budh
lfØ; lgk;rk dh dk ,d iSj rks tsy esa gh jgrk Fkk fo|kFkhZ th
,sls Økafrdkfj;ksa ds ifjokjksa dh le;≤ ij ;FkklaHko
vkfFkZd lgk;rk Hkh dhA mUgksaus paæ'ks[kj vktkn ds firk dh
vkfFkZd lgk;rk fo'ks"k :i ls dh FkhA ljnkj Hkxr flag dks
mUgksaus ftys ds ,d fefMy Ldwy esa gsMekLVj cuok;k rks
dkdksjh dkaM ds ckn v'kQkd mYykg [kku dks vius dk;kZy; çrki
esa j[k fy;k FkkA 19 fnlacj 1927 dks Qkalh yxus ds ckn 'kghn
v'kQkd dk edcjk Hkh 'kkgtgkaiqj esa fo|kFkhZ th us gh cuok;k
FkkA bfrgkl esa fo|kFkhZ tSls 'kghnksa ds ljijLr de gh
feysaxsA
fo|kFkhZ th dk cfynku
ns'k Hkä ljdkj Hkxrflag vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa dks vaxzsth
gqdwer us 23 ekpZ 1931 dks Qkalh ns nhA bl [kcj ls iwjs ns'k
esa dksgjke ep x;kA dkuiqj esa 24 ekpZ dh lqcg ;g [kcj lqudj
yksx 'kksd lrIr gks x;sA gqrkRekvksa ds lEeku esa dkuiqj esa
gM+rky dk vkOgku fd;k x;kA blls dkuiqj esa ,d Hk;adj
lkEçnkf;d naxk 'kq: gks x;kA nqdkuksa vkSj edkuksa esa
ywVikV 'kq: gks xbZA vkxtuh dh dbZ ?kVuk,a gqbZ] fgalk dk
rkaMo ep x;kA Hkkjr ds ekuo fgUnw eqlyeku nksuksa /keks± dk
ekuus okys tu ikjLifjd ;q)ksa ds le; fdrus uhps fxj tkrs gSa
bldh dYiuk dj lduk dksbZ dfBu dk;Z ugÈ gSA ge lc ml iru ds
lk{kh gSaA Lora=rk çkfIr ds iwoZ vkSj iÜpkr dky esa
Hkkjrokfl;ksa us ;g foHkhf"kdk,a Hkh ns[kÈ gSaA 1931 dk
dkuiqj dk fgUnw eqfLye rqeqy ;q) foHkhf"kdkiw.kZ FkkA
rRdkyhu 'kklu ml rqeqy ;q) dks c<+kus esa lgk;d gh ugÈ mldk
çsjd Hkh FkkA dkuiqj ds caxkyh eksgky uked {ks= esa çk;% nks
lks eqfLye ukjh f?kjs iM+s FksA jkr esa dqN ekj Mkys x;s
FksA cps gq, Ms<+ nks lkS yksx ml jkr dks ekjs tkus okys
FksA x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ fcuk [kk;s fi;s çkr% ?kj ls fudy
x;s vkSj caxkyh eksgky igqaps ogka ds vkØkad fgUnw x.ks'k 'kadj
fo|kFkhZ dks ns[kdj lge x;sA fo|kFkhZ th us ogka ls f?kjs gq,
eqlyeku uj ukjh ckydksa dks fudyk vkSj mUgsa eqlyeku
eksgYyksa esa igqapk;kA fo|kFkhZ th dks ân; ls vk'kh"k nsrs
gq, ;s Hk;xzLr yksx lqjf{kr fLFkku ij igqap x;sA |
vYila[;dksa ds fy,
dY;k.k dk;ZØe
rluhe ,Q- [kkuA
la;qä çxfr'khy xBca/ku ¼;wih,½ ljdkj jk"Vªh; U;wure lk>k
dk;ZØe ds çfr lefiZr gSA vYila[;dksa ds dY;k.k ds fy, ç/kkuea=h
dk u;k 15 lw=h dk;ZØe vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dks 'kSf{kd]
lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ds vf/kd volj miyC/k
djkus esa tqVk gSA ljdkj dk ç;kl ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd
tgka rd laHko gS] dk;ZØe esa lfEefyr ;kstukvksa ds y{;ksa
vkSj jkf'k dk 15 çfr'kr vf/klwfpr vYila[;dksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr
fd;k tk,A
lkoZtfud {ks=ksa esa HkrÊ
jkT; vkSj dsUæh; lsokvksa esa vYila[;dksa dk çfrfuf/kRo c<ku+s
ds fy, jkT; ljdkjksa dks lykg nh tk,xh fd iqfyl dfeZ;ksa
dh HkrÊ esa vYila[;dksa dks fo'ks"k egRo fn;k tk,A blds fy,
p;u lfefr;ksa dh lajpuk dks çfrfu/;kRed cuk;k tk,xkA dsUæh;
iqfyl cy esa dsUæ ljdkj }kjk HkrÊ esa Hkh ,sls gh dne mBk,
tk,axsA
jsyos] jk"Vªh;—r cSadksa vkSj lkoZtfud {ks= ds çfr"Bkuksa
}kjk cM+h la[;k esa jkstxkj ds volj çnku fd;s tkrs gSaA bu
ekeyksa esa Hkh lEc) foHkkx ;g lqfuf'pr djsaxs fd vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa ls HkrÊ dks fo'ks"k egRo fn;k tk,A vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa ds mEehnokjksa ds fy, ,d fo'ks"k ;kstuk 'kq: dh
tk,xh ftlds rgr ljdkjh laLFkkvksa vkSj vPNs futh çf'k{k.k
laLFkkuksa esa mUgsa çf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xkA
naxksa dh jksdFkke
lkEçnkf;d ñf"V ls laosnu'khy vkSj naxksa dh laHkkouk okys
{ks=ksa esa lkEçnkf;d naxksa dh jksdFkke vkSj fu;a=.k ds
fy, mPp Lrj dh dq'kyrk] fu"i{krk vkSj /keZfujis{k fjdkMZ
okys ftyk vkSj iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dks rSukr fd;k tk,xkA bu
{ks=ksa vkSj vU; LFkkuksa ij Hkh lkEçnkf;d ruko dh
jksdFkke ftyk eftLVªsVksa vkSj iqfyl v/kh{kdksa dh çkFkfed
MîwVh gksuh pkfg,A bl ckjs esa mudk dk;Z fu"iknu mudh
iíkséfr ds fu/kkZj.k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gksuk pkfg,A
ljdkj us funZs'k fn;s gSa fd lkEçnkf;d ruko HkM+dkus ;k
Çglk esa Hkkx ysus okys lHkh yksxksa ds f[kykQ dM+h
dkjZokbZ dh tk,A lkEçnkf;d vijkf/k;ksa ij eqdnek pykus ds
fy, fo'ks"k vnkyrsa xfBr dh tk,a rkfd vijkf/k;ksa dks tYnh
ls tYnh ltk nh tk ldsA lkEçnkf;d naxksa ds f'kdkj yksxksa
dks rRdky jkgr vkSj muds iquokZl ds fy, 'kh?kz vkSj i;kZIr
foŸkh; lgk;rk nh tk,A
vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkxhnkjh
yksxksa dks Lojkstxkjh cukus vkSj xjhc yksxksa ds fy,
fngkM+h jkstxkj c<ku+s ds fy, xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa xjhch dh
js[kk ls uhps ds vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa ds fy,
Lo.kZt;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk ds rgr HkkSfrd rFkk foŸkh;
y{;ksa dk ,d [kkl çfr'kr fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa
ds fy, Lojkstxkj ds cqfu;knh dk;ZØe Lo.kZt;arh xzke
Lojkstxkj ;kstuk ¼,lth,lokbZ½ dk mís'; cSad =•.kksa vkSj
ljdkjh lfClMh ds tfj;s vkenuh ds lk/ku miyC/k djkdj xjhc
xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks xjhch dh js[kk ls mij ykuk gSA Lo.kZ
t;arh 'kgjh jkstxkj ;kstuk esa nks çeq[k dk;ZØe ;Fkk 'kgjh
Lojkstxkj dk;ZØe ¼;w,lbih½ vkSj 'kgjh etnwjh jkstxkj
dk;ZØe ¼;wMCY;wbih½ 'kkfey gSaA xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps
jgus okys vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa dks ykHk igqapkus
ds fy, ;w,lbih vkSj ;wMCY;wbih ds v/khu HkkSfrd vkSj foŸkh;
y{;ksa dk ,d [kkl çfr'kr fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA
lEiw.kZ xzkeh.k jkstxkj ;kstuk ¼,lthvkjokbZ½ dk mís';
LFkk;h leqnk;] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd cqfu;knh <kapk rS;kj
djus ds lkFk&lkFk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vfrfjä fngkM+h
jkstxkj miyC/k djkuk gSA jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh
dk;ZØe ¼,uvkjbthih½ 200 ftyksa esa 'kq: fd;k tk pqdk gS
vkSj bu ftyksa esa ,lthvkjokbZ dk ,uvkjbZthih ds lkFk foy;
dj fn;k x;k gSA ckdh ftyksa esa ,lthvkjokbZ ds v/khu
vkcafVr jkf'k dk ,d fo'ks"k çfr'kr xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps
jgus okys vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa ds fy, ml le; rd
fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd bu ftyksa dks ,uvkjbZthih ds
v/khu ys ugÈ fy;k tkrkA blds lkFk&lkFk vkcafVr jkf'k dk ,d
fo'ks"k çfr'kr vYila[;dksa dh vf/kd vkcknh okys xkaoksa
esa cqfu;knh <kapk rS;kj djus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk,xkA
vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds gquj dks rduhdh çf'k{k.k ds tfj;s
rjk'kus ds ç;kl fd;s tk jgs gSa D;ksafd vYila[;d leqnk;ksa
dh cgqr cM+h vkcknh fupys Lrj ds rduhdh dkeksa esa yxh gS
;k nLrdkj ds :i esa viuh jksth&jksVh dek jgh gSaA ,sls
yksxksa ds fy, rduhdh çf'k{k.k dh O;oLFkk ls mudh dq'kyrk
vkSj jksth jksVh dekus dh {kerk c<sx+hA bl fy, lHkh u;s
vkbZVhvkbZ dk ,d fuf'pr fgLlk vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dh vf/kd
vkcknh okys {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir fd;k tk,xk vkSj dqN
vkbZVhvkbZ dsUæksa dk mRFkku djds mUgsa ^Js"Brk ds dsUæ^
cuk;k tk,xkA
=•.k lqfo/kk,a
ljdkj jk"Vªh; vYila[;d fodkl vkSj foŸk fuxe ¼,u ,e Mh ,Q
lh½ dks lqñ< dj+us ds fy, opuc) gSA blds fy, vf/kd bfDoVh
lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xh rkfd ;g vius y{;ksa dks 'kr çfr'kr
çkIr dj ldsA ,u,eMh,Qlh dk 1994 esa xBu fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj
bldk mís'; vYila[;d leqnk;ksa esa vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfrfof/k;ksa
dks c<ko+k nsuk FkkA
Lojkstxkj 'kq: djus vkSj mls cuk, j[kus ds fy, cSad =•.k
t:jh gSA ?kjsyw cSadksa }kjk çkFkfedrk okys {ks= ds
yksxksa dks =•.k nsus ds fy, 'kq) cSad =•.k ds 40 çfr'kr
dk y{; fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA çkFkfedrk {ks= esa vU;
ckrksa ds vykok —f"k =•.k] y?kq m|ksxksa dks =•.k vkSj [kqnjk
O;kikj] is'ksoj vkSj Lojkstxkj okys O;fä;ksa ds fy, NksVs
dkjksckj =•.k] f'k{kk =•.k] vkokl =•.k vkSj ekbØks =•.k 'kkfey
gSaA ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd lHkh oxks± esa çkFkfedrk
okys {ks= dks dtZ nsus ds fy, ,d mfpr çfr'kr vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
f'k{kk laca/kh lqfo/kkvksa dks c<ko+k
ljdkj f'k{kk ds volj c<ku+s ds fy, Ldwyh f'k{kk rd igqap
c<ku+s ij fo'ks"k /;ku ns jgh gSA loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku]
dLrwjck xka/kh ckfydk fo|ky; ;kstuk vkSj ljdkj dh ,slh gh
vU; ;kstukvksa ds v/khu ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd bl çdkj
ds lHkh Ldwyksa dk ,d [kkl çfr'kr xkaoksa esa ;k vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa dh vf/kd vkcknh okys {ks=ksa esa LFkkfir fd;k
tk,A
lefUor cky fodkl lsok ¼vkbZlhMh,l½ ifj;kstukvksa vkSj
vkaxuokM+h dsUæksa dk ,d [kkl çfr'kr vYila[;d leqnk;ksa dh
vf/kd vkcknh okys [kaMksa vkSj xkaoksa esa [kksyk tk,xk
rkfd ;g lqfu'pr fd;k tk lds fd bl ;kstuk ds ykHk bu
leqnk;ksa dks Hkh leku :i ls miyC/k gks jgs gSaA bl ;kstuk
dk mís'; oafpr oxks± ds cPpksa vkSj xHkZorh efgykvksa rFkk
Lruiku djkus okyh ekrkvksa dk lok±xh.k fodkl djuk gSA mlds
fy, vkaxuokM+h dsUæksa ds tfj;s iwjd iks"k.k] Vhdkdj.k]
LokLF; tkap] jsQjy lsok,a] Ldwy iwoZ vkSj vukSipkfjd
f'k{kk tSlh lsok,a miyC/k djkuk gSA
ljdkj mnZw dh f'k{kk ds fy, vf/kd lalk/ku miyC/k djk;sxhA
mnZw Hkk"kk ds v/;kidksa dh HkrÊ vkSj ,sls Ldwyksa esa
mudh fu;qfä ds fy, dsUæh; lgk;rk miyC/k djkbZ tk,xh tks ml
Hkk"kk lewg ds de ls de ,d pkSFkkbZ yksxksa ds cPpksa dks
f'k{kk çnku djrs gSaA
enjlksa dk vk/kqfudhdj.k
{ks= fo'ks"k vkSj enjlk vk/kqfudhdj.k dk;ZØe dh dsUæh; ;kstuk
Ldhe 'kSf{kd :i ls fiNM+s gq, vYila[;dksa dh vf/kd vkcknh
okys {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh f'k{kk <kapk vkSj enjlk f'k{kk
ds vk/kqfudhdj.k ds fy, lalk/ku miyC/k djkrh gSA enjlk
f'k{kk ds vk/kqfudhdj.k ds egRo dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl
dk;ZØe dks i;kZIr :i ls lqñ< fd+;k tk,xk vkSj dkjxj :i ls
dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA
vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds Nk=ksa ds fy, eSfVªd iwoZ vkSj
eSfVªdksŸkj Nk=o`fŸk;ksa dh ;kstuk,a cukbZ tk,axh vkSj Nk=ksa
dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dk;kZfUor dh tk,axhA
ljdkj ekSykuk vktkn f'k{kk çfr"Bku dks gj lEHko lgk;rk
çnku djsxh rkfd 'kSf{kd <kaps dks lq/kkjus ds fy, mls
etcwr fd;k tk lds vkSj çfr"Bku viuh xfrfof/k;ksa dk vf/kd
dkjxj :i ls foLrkj dj ldsA
jgu lgu Lrj esa lq/kkj
vYila[;dksa ds jgu lgu esa lq/kkj ds fy, xzkeh.k vkokl ;kstuk
esa muds fy, cjkcj dh lk>hnkjh dk çko/kku fd;k x;k gSA
bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk ¼vkbZ,okbZ½ esa xjhch js[kk ls uhps
jgus okys xzkeh.k xjhc yksxksa ds vkokl ds fy, foŸkh;
lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA vkbZ,okbZ ds v/khu HkkSfrd
vkSj foŸkh; y{;ksa dk ,d [kkl çfr'kr xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa
vYila[;d leqnk;ksa ds xjhc yksxksa ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k
tk,xkA
lefUor vkokl vkSj efyu cLrh fodkl dk;ZØe ¼vkbZ,p,lMhih½
vkSj tokgj yky usg: jk"Vªh; 'kgjh uohdj.k fe'ku
¼ts,u,u;wvkj,e½ dh ;kstukvksa ds v/khu dsUæ ljdkj jkT;ksa
vkSj dsUæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dks 'kgjh efyu cLrh fodkl ds fy,
lgk;rk çnku djrh gSA ;g lgk;rk çR;{k lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa vkSj
cqfu;knh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk ds :i esa dh tkrh gSA ;g
lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd bu dk;ZØeksa ds ykHk vYila[;d
leqnk;ksa ds yksxksa vkSj vYila[;d cgqy okys 'kgjksa vkSj
efyu cfLr;ksa dks cjkcj fey ldsaA dkjxj fuxjkuh ij vf/kd
tksj fn;k x;k gSA lfpoksa dh ,d lfefr gj N% eghuksa esa
dk;ZØe dh çxfr dh leh{kk djsxh vkSj dsUæh; eaf=eaMy dks
fuxjkuh ;ksX; y{;ksa ds ckjs esa fLFkfr fjiksVZ çLrqr
djsxhA
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